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1 violent competition
Общая лексика: ожесточённая конкуренция -
2 violent competition
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3 violent
violent [ˊvaɪələnt] a1) неи́стовый; я́ростный;violent efforts отча́янные уси́лия
;he was in a violent temper он был в я́рости
;violent competition ожесточённая конкуре́нция
;violent measures жёсткие ме́ры
2) си́льный, интенси́вный;violent pain си́льная боль
;violent heat ужа́сная жара́
;violent yellow я́рко-жёлтый цвет
;violent contrast ре́зкий контра́ст
3) наси́льственный;to resort to violent means прибе́гнуть к наси́лию
;to lay violent hands on smth. захвати́ть что-л. си́лой
;to meet a violent death умере́ть наси́льственной сме́ртью
4) вспы́льчивый, горя́чий;violent language брань, ре́зкие слова́
5) стра́стный, горя́чий;violent speech стра́стная речь
;a violent demonstration бу́рная демонстра́ция
6) искажённый, непра́вильный;violent interpretation ло́жная интерпрета́ция
;violent assumption невероя́тное предположе́ние
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4 violent
[ˈvaɪələnt]violent неистовый; яростный; violent efforts отчаянные усилия; he was in a violent temper он был в ярости violent насильственный; to resort to violent means прибегнуть к насилию; to lay violent hands (on smth.) захватить (что-л.) силой to meet a violent death умереть насильственной смертью violent насильственный; to resort to violent means прибегнуть к насилию; to lay violent hands (on smth.) захватить (что-л.) силой violent вспыльчивый, горячий; violent language брань, резкие слова violent искаженный violent искаженный, неправильный; violent interpretation ложная интерпретация; violent assumption невероятное предположение violent насильственный; to resort to violent means прибегнуть к насилию; to lay violent hands (on smth.) захватить (что-л.) силой violent насильственный violent неистовый; яростный; violent efforts отчаянные усилия; he was in a violent temper он был в ярости violent неистовый violent резкий violent сильный, интенсивный; violent pain сильная боль; violent heat ужасная жара; violent yellow ярко-желтый цвет violent сильный violent страстный, горячий; violent speech страстная речь; a violent demonstration бурная демонстрация violent искаженный, неправильный; violent interpretation ложная интерпретация; violent assumption невероятное предположение violent competition ожесточенная конкуренция; violent measures жесткие меры violent contrast резкий контраст violent страстный, горячий; violent speech страстная речь; a violent demonstration бурная демонстрация violent неистовый; яростный; violent efforts отчаянные усилия; he was in a violent temper он был в ярости violent сильный, интенсивный; violent pain сильная боль; violent heat ужасная жара; violent yellow ярко-желтый цвет violent искаженный, неправильный; violent interpretation ложная интерпретация; violent assumption невероятное предположение violent вспыльчивый, горячий; violent language брань, резкие слова violent competition ожесточенная конкуренция; violent measures жесткие меры violent сильный, интенсивный; violent pain сильная боль; violent heat ужасная жара; violent yellow ярко-желтый цвет violent страстный, горячий; violent speech страстная речь; a violent demonstration бурная демонстрация violent сильный, интенсивный; violent pain сильная боль; violent heat ужасная жара; violent yellow ярко-желтый цвет -
5 violent
['vaɪəl(ə)nt]прил.1) интенсивный, сильный, резкий2)а) неистовый, яростныйHe was in a violent temper. — Он был в ярости.
б) жёсткий, ожесточённый3) вспыльчивый, горячий; страстныйviolent language — брань, резкие слова
There could be no motive for a sudden and violent change of government. — Не могло быть никакого повода для внезапной насильственной смены правительства.
to lay violent hands on — захватить (что-л.) силой
5) жестокий, бесчеловечныйviolent film — жестокий фильм, фильм со сценами насилия
6) искажённый, неправильный -
6 violent
adjective1) неистовый; яростный; violent efforts отчаянные усилия; he was in a violent temper он был в ярости; violent competition ожесточенная конкуренция; violent measures жесткие меры2) сильный, интенсивный; violent pain сильная боль; violent heat ужасная жара; violent yellow ярко-желтый цвет; violent contrast резкий контраст3) насильственный; to resort to violent means прибегнуть к насилию; to lay violent hands on smth. захватить что-л. силой; to meet a violent death умереть насильственной смертью4) вспыльчивый, горячий; violent language брань, резкие слова5) страстный, горячий; violent speech страстная речь; а violent demonstration бурная демонстрация6) искаженный, неправильный; violent interpretation ложная интерпретация; violent assumption невероятное предположениеSyn:turbulent* * *(a) буйный; насильственный* * *сильный, неистовый* * *['vi·o·lent || 'vaɪələnt] adj. неистовый, яростный, интенсивный, сильный, насильственный, горячий, страстный, вспыльчивый, искаженный, неправильный* * *буенбуйныйвспыльчивыйгорячийинтенсивныйискаженныйнасильническийнасильственныйнеистовыйнеправильныйсиленсилёнсильныйстрастныйяростный* * *1) неистовый; интенсивный, сильный (напр., о боли) 2) насильственный -
7 violent
ˈvaɪələnt прил.
1) неистовый;
интенсивный, сильный (напр., о боли He was in a violent temper. ≈ Он был в ярости. Syn: turbulent
2) насильственный to lay violent hands on ≈ захватить( что-л.) силой to meet a violent death ≈ умереть насильственной смертью
3) вспыльчивый, горячий;
страстный a violent demonstration ≈ бурная демонстрация violent language ≈ брань, резкие слова
4) искаженный, неправильный неистовый, яростный, ожесточенный;
отчаянный - * passions неистовые страсти - * efforts отчаянные усилия - * abuse яростные нападки - * rage безудержная ярость - * controversy ожесточенный спор - in a * temper в ярости, в бешенстве сильный, острый, резкий - * storm сильный шторм - * galaxy (астрономия) бурная /взрывающаяся/ галактика - * blow сильный /жестокий/ удар - * revulsion непреодолимое отвращение - * discrepancy вопиющее противоречие - * pain острая боль - * cough сильный кашель - * attack of gout мучительный приступ подагры - * mental exertion крайнее умственное напряжение - * colours резкие /кричащие/ цвета - * reds ярчайшие оттенки красного цвета - * exercise упражнения, требующие большого физического напряжения - in * contrast в вопиющем противоречии насильственный - * death насильственная смерть - to resort to * means прибегнуть к насилию - to lay * hands (on) захватить силой горячий, страстный - * speech горячая /страстная/ речь - apt to form * attachments (страстно) увлекающийся;
влюбчивый несдержанный, невыдержанный;
вспыльчивый - * man вспыльчивый /несдержанный/ человек - * language несдержанность в выражениях - * scene бурная сцена буйный( преим. о психическом больном) - * delirium (медицина) буйный бред - he became * он начал буйствовать( о пьяном и т. п.) ;
он стал буйный (о больном) искаженный, неправильный;
произвольный - a * construction of the text произвольное толкование текста;
извращение смысла текста ~ неистовый;
яростный;
violent efforts отчаянные усилия;
he was in a violent temper он был в ярости ~ насильственный;
to resort to violent means прибегнуть к насилию;
to lay violent hands (on smth.) захватить (что-л.) силой to meet a ~ death умереть насильственной смертью ~ насильственный;
to resort to violent means прибегнуть к насилию;
to lay violent hands (on smth.) захватить (что-л.) силой violent вспыльчивый, горячий;
violent language брань, резкие слова ~ искаженный ~ искаженный, неправильный;
violent interpretation ложная интерпретация;
violent assumption невероятное предположение ~ насильственный;
to resort to violent means прибегнуть к насилию;
to lay violent hands (on smth.) захватить (что-л.) силой ~ насильственный ~ неистовый;
яростный;
violent efforts отчаянные усилия;
he was in a violent temper он был в ярости ~ неистовый ~ резкий ~ сильный, интенсивный;
violent pain сильная боль;
violent heat ужасная жара;
violent yellow ярко-желтый цвет ~ сильный ~ страстный, горячий;
violent speech страстная речь;
a violent demonstration бурная демонстрация ~ искаженный, неправильный;
violent interpretation ложная интерпретация;
violent assumption невероятное предположение ~ competition ожесточенная конкуренция;
violent measures жесткие меры ~ contrast резкий контраст ~ страстный, горячий;
violent speech страстная речь;
a violent demonstration бурная демонстрация ~ неистовый;
яростный;
violent efforts отчаянные усилия;
he was in a violent temper он был в ярости ~ сильный, интенсивный;
violent pain сильная боль;
violent heat ужасная жара;
violent yellow ярко-желтый цвет ~ искаженный, неправильный;
violent interpretation ложная интерпретация;
violent assumption невероятное предположение violent вспыльчивый, горячий;
violent language брань, резкие слова ~ competition ожесточенная конкуренция;
violent measures жесткие меры ~ сильный, интенсивный;
violent pain сильная боль;
violent heat ужасная жара;
violent yellow ярко-желтый цвет ~ страстный, горячий;
violent speech страстная речь;
a violent demonstration бурная демонстрация ~ сильный, интенсивный;
violent pain сильная боль;
violent heat ужасная жара;
violent yellow ярко-желтый цвет -
8 tough
1. adjective1) (strong; not easily broken, worn out etc: Plastic is a tough material.) resistente, fuerte2) ((of food etc) difficult to chew.) duro3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) fuerte, resistente4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) violento; conflictivo5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) duro
2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) bruto, persona violenta/agresiva- toughen
- tough luck
- get tough with someone
- get tough with
tough adj1. duro2. fuerte3. difíciltr[tʌf]1 (strong) fuerte, resistente2 (difficult) duro,-a, arduo,-a3 (rough, violent) violento,-a4 (severe) duro,-a, severo,-a5 (meat) duro,-a6 familiar malo,-a, injusto,-a1 tipo duro\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be a tough nut to crack ser un hueso duro de roerto be as tough as old boots ser muy duro,-ato get tough with somebody ponerse duro,-a con alguientough customer cliente nombre masculino difíciltough ['tʌf] adj1) strong: fuerte, resistente (dícese de materiales)2) leathery: correosoa tough steak: un bistec duro3) hardy: fuerte, robusto (dícese de una persona)4) strict: severo, exigente5) difficult: difícil6) stubborn: terco, obstinadotough n: matón m, persona f ruda y bruscaadj.• arduo, -a adj.• correoso, -a adj.• difícil adj.• duro, -a adj.• estropajoso, -a adj.• fuerte adj.• férreo, -a adj.• malvado, -a adj.• pendenciero, -a adj.• resistente adj.• rufo, -a adj.• tenaz adj.n.• alborotador, -ora s.m.,f.• hampona s.f.• hampón s.m.• pendenciero, -era s.m.,f.• rufián s.m.
I tʌfadjective -er, -est1)a) (strong, hard-wearing) <fabric/clothing> resistente, fuerteb) ( not tender) < meat> duro; ( leathery) correoso2) < person>a) (physically, emotionally resilient) fuerteb) (aggressive, violent) bravucón3)a) (strict, uncompromising) <boss/teacher> severo, exigente, estricto; <policy/discipline> duro, de mano durato be tough ON somebody — ( strict) ser* duro or severo con alguien; ( unfair) ser* injusto para con alguien
to get tough with somebody — ponerse* duro con alguien
b) ( difficult) <exam/decision/question> difícil, peliagudothey had a tough time — las pasaron muy mal, pasaron las de Caín
c) ( unfortunate)tough (luck)! — (colloq) mala suerte!
II
adverb (colloq) ( aggressively)stop acting tough — no te hagas el gallito or el machito (fam)
III
noun (colloq) matón m (fam)[tʌf]1. ADJ(compar tougher) (superl toughest)1) (=robust) fuertegranny may be old, but she's tough — puede que la abuela sea vieja, pero es fuerte
- be as tough as old boots2) (=hard, uncompromising) [person] duro; [neighbourhood, school] peligroso3) (=resistant) [substance, material] fuerte, resistente; [skin] duro4) (=not tender) [meat] duro5) (=harsh) [policies] duro, de mano dura; [measures] duro; [teacher, parent] severo•
to take a tough line on sth — adoptar una línea dura con respecto a algo•
to be tough on sb — ser duro con algn6) (=difficult) [way of life, situation, day] duro, difícil; [choice, question] difícil; [competition] fuerteit's a tough job, but somebody has to do it — es un trabajo duro, pero alguien tiene que hacerlo
his team will be tough to beat — su equipo será difícil de vencer, va a ser difícil vencer a su equipo
•
he has found it tough going this year — este año se le ha hecho muy cuesta arriba, este año le ha resultado muy difícil•
to have a tough time (of it) — pasarlo mal or fatal *, pasar las de Caín *•
tough!, tough luck! * — ¡mala suerte!that's your tough luck! — ¡te fastidias!
2.N * (=thug) matón m, macarra * m3.VT*4. ADV*1)to act/talk tough — hacerse el duro *
2) (US)5.CPDtough love N — amor m exigente
* * *
I [tʌf]adjective -er, -est1)a) (strong, hard-wearing) <fabric/clothing> resistente, fuerteb) ( not tender) < meat> duro; ( leathery) correoso2) < person>a) (physically, emotionally resilient) fuerteb) (aggressive, violent) bravucón3)a) (strict, uncompromising) <boss/teacher> severo, exigente, estricto; <policy/discipline> duro, de mano durato be tough ON somebody — ( strict) ser* duro or severo con alguien; ( unfair) ser* injusto para con alguien
to get tough with somebody — ponerse* duro con alguien
b) ( difficult) <exam/decision/question> difícil, peliagudothey had a tough time — las pasaron muy mal, pasaron las de Caín
c) ( unfortunate)tough (luck)! — (colloq) mala suerte!
II
adverb (colloq) ( aggressively)stop acting tough — no te hagas el gallito or el machito (fam)
III
noun (colloq) matón m (fam) -
9 tough
1. adjective1) fest [Material, Stoff, Leder, Metall, Werkstoff]; zäh [Fleisch; fachspr.: Werkstoff, Metall, Kunststoff]; widerstandsfähig [Straßenbelag, Bodenbelag, Gummi, Glas, Haut]; strapazierfähig [Kleidung, Stoff, Schuhe]2) (hardy, unyielding) zäh [Person]a tough customer — (coll.) ein harter Brocken (ugs.)
3) (difficult, trying) schwierig; vertrackt (ugs.) [Problem]; hart [Kampf, Wettkampf]; strapaziös [Reise]; schwer [Zeit]get tough — (coll.) andere Saiten aufziehen
5) (coll.): (unfortunate, hard)tough luck — Pech, das
2. nounthat's tough [luck] — so'n Pech! (ugs.)
Rowdy, der (abwertend)3. transitive verb(coll.)tough it out — nicht nachgeben
* * *1. adjective3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) robust4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) übel5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) schwierig2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) der Rowdy- academic.ru/75806/toughness">toughness- toughen
- tough luck
- get tough with someone
- get tough with* * *[tʌf]I. adj1. (strong) robust\tough plastic Hartplastik ntto be as \tough as old boots nicht unterzukriegen sein3. (stringent) law streng, striktto get \tougher with sb/sth bei jdm/etw härter durchgreifen4. (hard to cut) meat zähthese apples have \tough skins diese Äpfel haben eine harte Schale5. (difficult) schwierig, hart\tough bargaining harte Verhandlungen pl\tough competition harte Konkurrenz\tough climate/winter raues Klima/strenger Winter6. (violent) rau, brutala \tough neighbourhood eine üble Gegendthat's a bit \tough! da hast du wirklich Pech!it's \tough on Geoff that... es ist wirklich schade für Geoff, dass...if you get a cold, that'll be your \tough wenn du dich erkältest, dann bist du selbst schuld\tough luck! so ein Pech! a. iron▪ to \tough out ⇆ sth etw aussitzen [o durchstehen]* * *[tʌf]1. adj (+er)1) zäh; (= resistant) widerstandsfähig; cloth strapazierfähig; membrane widerstandsfähig; skin rau; (towards others) hart, knallhart (inf); bargaining, negotiator, opponent, fight, struggle, lesson hart; district, city hart, rauas tough as leather — zäh wie Leder (inf)
or shoe leather ( US hum inf ) — zäh wie Leder (inf)
he'll get over it, he's pretty tough — er wird schon darüber hinwegkommen, er ist hart im Nehmen (inf)
to get tough (with sb) (physically) — grob werden ( mit jdm or gegen jdn), handgreiflich werden (gegen jdn); (fig) hart durchgreifen (gegen jdn)
tough guy (inf) — (knall)harter Kerl or Bursche (inf)
getting him to agree took some tough talking — er musste ganz schon bearbeitet werden, damit er zustimmte
2) (= difficult) task, problem hart; journey strapaziös, anstrengend; choice schwierig; competition hart, zähit was tough going (lit, fig) — es war eine Strapaze or ein Schlauch m (inf)
I had a tough time controlling my anger —
it's a tough job being Prime Minister — Premierminister zu sein, ist eine schwierige Aufgabe or ein harter Job (inf)
it's tough when you have kids — es ist schwierig, wenn man Kinder hat
it must have been tough being or to be a child in the war — für ein Kind muss die Zeit während des Krieges sehr schwer gewesen sein
3) (= strict) policy, controls hartto take a tough line with sb/on sth — bei jdm/einer Sache eine starre Haltung einnehmen
4) (inf: unfortunate) harttough shit (sl) — Scheißpech nt (inf)
2. n (inf)Schlägertyp m (pej inf), (knall)harter Bursche (inf)3. adv (+er ) (inf)to act tough —
* * *tough [tʌf]A adj (adv toughly)1. zäh:a) hart, widerstandsfähigb) zähflüssig:tough meat zähes Fleisch;3. zäh, hartnäckig (Kampf, Widerstand etc)4. fig schwierig, unangenehm (Kerl, Problem etc):a tough winter ein harter Winter;it was tough going umg es war ein hartes Stück Arbeit;tough luck Pech n5. hart, aggressiv (Außenpolitik etc):he’s a tough customer umg mit ihm ist nicht gut Kirschen essen;a) jemandem gegenüber massiv werden,b) gegen jemanden hart durchgreifen, jemanden hart anfassen6. rowdyhaft, brutal, übel, Schläger…:tough guy → B;a tough neighbo(u)rhood eine üble oder verrufene Gegend7. übel, schlimm, bös:be in a tough spot übel dran sein umg;if things get tough wenn es mulmig wird umg* * *1. adjective1) fest [Material, Stoff, Leder, Metall, Werkstoff]; zäh [Fleisch; fachspr.: Werkstoff, Metall, Kunststoff]; widerstandsfähig [Straßenbelag, Bodenbelag, Gummi, Glas, Haut]; strapazierfähig [Kleidung, Stoff, Schuhe]2) (hardy, unyielding) zäh [Person]a tough customer — (coll.) ein harter Brocken (ugs.)
3) (difficult, trying) schwierig; vertrackt (ugs.) [Problem]; hart [Kampf, Wettkampf]; strapaziös [Reise]; schwer [Zeit]4) (severe, harsh) hartget tough — (coll.) andere Saiten aufziehen
5) (coll.): (unfortunate, hard)tough luck — Pech, das
2. nounthat's tough [luck] — so'n Pech! (ugs.)
Rowdy, der (abwertend)3. transitive verb(coll.)* * *adj.derb (Leder) adj.hartnäckig adj.robust adj.schwierig adj.zäh adj. -
10 tough
1. adjective1) (strong; not easily broken, worn out etc: Plastic is a tough material.) stærk2) ((of food etc) difficult to chew.) sej3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) stærk4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) barsk5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) hård2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) barsk fyr; bølle- toughen
- tough luck
- get tough with someone
- get tough with* * *1. adjective1) (strong; not easily broken, worn out etc: Plastic is a tough material.) stærk2) ((of food etc) difficult to chew.) sej3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) stærk4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) barsk5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) hård2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) barsk fyr; bølle- toughen
- tough luck
- get tough with someone
- get tough with -
11 tough
I 1. [tʌf]1) (ruthless) [ businessman] duro; [ criminal] incallitoa tough guy — colloq. un (osso) duro
2) (severe) [policy, measure, law] duro, severo; [ opposition] tenace; [ competition] duro; [ criticism] asproto get tough with sb. — usare le maniere forti con qcn.
3) (difficult) [ conditions] difficile, duro; [problem, task] arduo7) colloq. (unfortunate)2. 3.tough luck! — che sfortuna! (unsympathetically) peggio per te!
interiezione colloq. peggio per te••II [tʌf]this meat is as tough as old boots — colloq. questa carne è dura come una suola di scarpa
* * *1. adjective1) (strong; not easily broken, worn out etc: Plastic is a tough material.) resistente2) ((of food etc) difficult to chew.) duro3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) forte4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) violento5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) duro, difficile2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) duro, violento- toughen
- tough luck
- get tough with someone
- get tough with* * *I 1. [tʌf]1) (ruthless) [ businessman] duro; [ criminal] incallitoa tough guy — colloq. un (osso) duro
2) (severe) [policy, measure, law] duro, severo; [ opposition] tenace; [ competition] duro; [ criticism] asproto get tough with sb. — usare le maniere forti con qcn.
3) (difficult) [ conditions] difficile, duro; [problem, task] arduo7) colloq. (unfortunate)2. 3.tough luck! — che sfortuna! (unsympathetically) peggio per te!
interiezione colloq. peggio per te••II [tʌf]this meat is as tough as old boots — colloq. questa carne è dura come una suola di scarpa
-
12 fierce
adjective1) (violently hostile) wild; erbittert [Widerstand, Kampf]; wuchtig [Schlag]; heftig [Angriff]2) (raging) wütend; grimmig [Hass, Wut]; scharf [Kritik]; wild [Tier]3) heftig [Andrang, Streit]; heiß [Wettbewerb]; leidenschaftlich [Stolz, Wille]4) (unpleasantly strong or intense) unerträglich5) (violent in action) hart [Bremsen, Ruck]* * *[fiəs]1) (very angry and likely to attack: a fierce dog; a fierce expression.) wild2) (intense or strong: fierce rivals.) heftig•- academic.ru/87008/fiercely">fiercely* * *[fɪəs, AM fɪrs]\fierce attack scharfer Angriff\fierce combat [or fighting] erbitterter Kampf\fierce competition erbarmungslose [o scharfe] Konkurrenz\fierce opposition entschlossener Widerstand\fierce struggle heftiger Streit2. (untamed) animal wild3. (intense) stark, intensiv\fierce debate/discussion hitzige Debatte/Diskussion\fierce hate wilder [o blinder] Hass\fierce jealousy heftige [o blinde] Eifersucht\fierce love leidenschaftliche Liebe4. (destructive) heftig, stürmisch\fierce weather stürmisches Wetter\fierce winds tobende [o kräftige] Winde6.I need a cold drink something \fierce ich muss unbedingt etwas Kaltes trinken* * *[fɪəs]adj (+er)animal wild, aggressiv; dog böse; person, look, appearance grimmig; fighting, battle, opposition, resistance, opponent, critic, rivals erbittert, heftig; debate, argument, storm heftig; attack, competition, criticism scharf; determination wild; loyalty unerschütterlich; pride, ambition, independence leidenschaftlich; heat, sun glühendthe troops came under fierce attack — die Truppen wurden scharf angegriffen
he has a fierce temper — er braust schnell or leicht auf
* * *fierce [fıə(r)s] adj (adv fiercely)1. wild (Tier etc)2. böse, grimmig (Gesicht etc), wild (Blick, Hass etc)3. glühend (Hitze)4. a) scharf (Rede, Wettbewerb etc)b) heftig (Angriff, Schmerz etc)c) grell (Licht etc)5. umg fies, widerlich* * *adjective1) (violently hostile) wild; erbittert [Widerstand, Kampf]; wuchtig [Schlag]; heftig [Angriff]2) (raging) wütend; grimmig [Hass, Wut]; scharf [Kritik]; wild [Tier]3) heftig [Andrang, Streit]; heiß [Wettbewerb]; leidenschaftlich [Stolz, Wille]4) (unpleasantly strong or intense) unerträglich5) (violent in action) hart [Bremsen, Ruck]* * *adj.grimmig adj.heftig adj.wild adj. -
13 tough
1. adjective1) (strong; not easily broken, worn out etc: Plastic is a tough material.) robust, solid, seig2) ((of food etc) difficult to chew.) seig3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) sterk, robust, seig4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) barsk, tøff5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) vrien, vanskelig2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) bølle, tøffing- toughen
- tough luck
- get tough with someone
- get tough withbølle--------seig--------vanskelig--------vrienIsubst. \/tʌf\/1) barsking, tøffing, råskinn, hard type2) bølle, gangster, kjeltringIIverb \/tʌf\/bare i uttrykktough it out ( hverdagslig) holde ut, stå det over, motstå pressettough out klare seg gjennomIIIadj. \/tʌf\/1) solid, robust, hardfør2) hard, tøff, vanskelig, vrien, drøy, stri, besværlig, slitsom3) ( om person eller ting) hard, hardhudet, hardfør, seiglivet4) ( om person) rå, barsk, tøff, kaldblodig5) herdet, slitesterk, som tåler mye6) ( om person) seig, sta, ubøyelig, hard7) ( også overført) tungt fordøyelig, hardkokt, drøy, stiv8) ( om kjøtt) seigget tough with someone ta noen hardt, innta en tøff holdning overfor noentough shit (vulgært, uttrykker manglende sympati) jævla synda tough yarn en skipperskrøne, en utrolig historie -
14 fierce
fierce [fɪəs][animal, person, battle] féroce ; [attack, argument] violent ; [debate] houleux ; [opposition] farouche ; [criticism, critic] virulent* * *['fɪəs]adjective [animal, expression, person] féroce; [battle, storm, hatred] violent; [determination, loyalty] farouche; [supporter] fervent; [criticism, speech] virulent; [competition] acharné; [flames, heat] intense -
15 tough
1. adjective1) (strong; not easily broken, worn out etc: Plastic is a tough material.) tare2) ((of food etc) difficult to chew.) tare3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) puternic, robust4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) violent; periculos5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) dur; greu2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) persoană violentă/dură- toughen
- tough luck
- get tough with someone
- get tough with -
16 tough
1. adjective1) (strong; not easily broken, worn out etc: Plastic is a tough material.) solide2) ((of food etc) difficult to chew.) difficile3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) robuste4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) violent5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) dur2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) dur, dure- toughen - tough luck - get tough with someone - get tough with -
17 History of volleyball
________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942) inventor of the game of volleyball________________________________________William G. Morgan (1870-1942), who was born in the State of New York, has gone down in history as the inventor of the game of volleyball, to which he originally gave the name "Mintonette".The young Morgan carried out his undergraduate studies at the Springfield College of the YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) where he met James Naismith who, in 1891, had invented basketball. After graduating, Morgan spent his first year at the Auburn (Maine) YMCA after which, during the summer of 1896, he moved to the YMCA at Holyoke (Massachusetts) where he became Director of Physical Education. In this role he had the opportunity to establish, develop, and direct a vast programme of exercises and sports classes for male adults.His leadership was enthusiastically accepted, and his classes grew in numbers. He came to realise that he needed a certain type of competitive recreational game in order to vary his programme. Basketball, which sport was beginning to develop, seemed to suit young people, but it was necessary to find a less violent and less intense alternative for the older members.________________________________________________________________________________In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!The sport originated in the United States, and is now just achieving the type of popularity in the U.S. that it has received on a global basis, where it ranks behind only soccer among participation sports.Today there are more than 46 million Americans who play volleyball. There are 800 million players worldwide who play Volleyball at least once a week.In 1895, William G. Morgan, an instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Holyoke, Mass., decided to blend elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball to create a game for his classes of businessmen which would demand less physical contact than basketball. He created the game of Volleyball (at that time called mintonette). Morgan borrowed the net from tennis, and raised it 6 feet 6 inches above the floor, just above the average man's head.During a demonstration game, someone remarked to Morgan that the players seemed to be volleying the ball back and forth over the net, and perhaps "volleyball" would be a more descriptive name for the sport.On July 7, 1896 at Springfield College the first game of "volleyball" was played.In 1900, a special ball was designed for the sport.1900 - YMCA spread volleyball to Canada, the Orient, and the Southern Hemisphere.1905 - YMCA spread volleyball to Cuba1907 Volleyball was presented at the Playground of America convention as one of the most popular sports1909 - YMCA spread volleyball to Puerto Rico1912 - YMCA spread volleyball to Uruguay1913 - Volleyball competition held in Far Eastern Games1917 - YMCA spread volleyball to BrazilIn 1916, in the Philippines, an offensive style of passing the ball in a high trajectory to be struck by another player (the set and spike) were introduced. The Filipinos developed the "bomba" or kill, and called the hitter a "bomberino".1916 - The NCAA was invited by the YMCA to aid in editing the rules and in promoting the sport. Volleyball was added to school and college physical education and intramural programs.In 1917, the game was changed from 21 to 15 points.1919 American Expeditionary Forces distributed 16,000 volleyballs to it's troops and allies. This provided a stimulus for the growth of volleyball in foreign lands.In 1920, three hits per side and back row attack rules were instituted.In 1922, the first YMCA national championships were held in Brooklyn, NY. 27 teams from 11 states were represented.In 1928, it became clear that tournaments and rules were needed, the United States Volleyball Association (USVBA, now USA Volleyball) was formed. The first U.S. Open was staged, as the field was open to non-YMCA squads.1930's Recreational sports programs became an important part of American lifeIn 1930, the first two-man beach game was played.In 1934, the approval and recognition of national volleyball referees.In 1937, at the AAU convention in Boston, action was taken to recognize the U.S. Volleyball Association as the official national governing body in the U.S.Late 1940s Forearm pass introduced to the game (as a desperation play) Most balls played with overhand pass1946 A study of recreation in the United States showed that volleyball ranked fifth among team sports being promoted and organizedIn 1947, the Federation Internationale De Volley-Ball (FIVB) was founded in Paris.In 1948, the first two-man beach tournament was held.In 1949, the first World Championships were held in Prague, Czechoslovakia.1949 USVBA added a collegiate division, for competitive college teams. For the first ten years collegiate competition was sparse. Teams formed only through the efforts of interested students and instructors. Many teams dissolved when the interested individuals left the college. Competitive teams were scattered, with no collegiate governing bodies providing leadership in the sport.1951 - Volleyball was played by over 50 million people each year in over 60 countries1955 - Pan American Games included volleyball1957 - The International Olympic Committee (IOC) designated volleyball as an Olympic team sport, to be included in the 1964 Olympic Games.1959 - International University Sports Federation (FISU) held the first University Games in Turin, Italy. Volleyball was one of the eight competitions held.1960 Seven midwestern institutions formed the Midwest Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (MIVA)1964Southern California Intercollegiate Volleyball Association (SCVIA) was formed in California1960's new techniques added to the game included - the soft spike (dink), forearm pass (bump), blocking across the net, and defensive diving and rolling.In 1964, Volleyball was introduced to the Olympic Games in Tokyo.The Japanese volleyball used in the 1964 Olympics, consisted of a rubber carcass with leather panelling. A similarly constructed ball is used in most modern competition.In 1965, the California Beach Volleyball Association (CBVA) was formed.1968 National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) made volleyball their fifteenth competitive sport.1969 The Executive Committee of the NCAA proposed addition of volleyball to its program.In 1974, the World Championships in Mexico were telecast in Japan.In 1975, the US National Women's team began a year-round training regime in Pasadena, Texas (moved to Colorado Springs in 1979, Coto de Caza and Fountain Valley, CA in 1980, and San Diego, CA in 1985).In 1977, the US National Men's team began a year-round training regime in Dayton, Ohio (moved to San Diego, CA in 1981).In 1983, the Association of Volleyball Professionals (AVP) was formed.In 1984, the US won their first medals at the Olympics in Los Angeles. The Men won the Gold, and the Women the Silver.In 1986, the Women's Professional Volleyball Association (WPVA) was formed.In 1987, the FIVB added a Beach Volleyball World Championship Series.In 1988, the US Men repeated the Gold in the Olympics in Korea.In 1989, the FIVB Sports Aid Program was created.In 1990, the World League was created.In 1992, the Four Person Pro Beach League was started in the United States.In 1994, Volleyball World Wide, created.In 1995, the sport of Volleyball was 100 years old!In 1996, 2-person beach volleyball was added to the OlympicsThere is a good book, "Volleyball Centennial: The First 100 Years", available on the history of the sport.________________________________________Copyright (c)Volleyball World WideVolleyball World Wide on the Computer Internet/WWWhttp://www.Volleyball.ORG/ -
18 non-
префікс, що позначає заперечення або відсутність; нерідко перекладається префікомnon-interference in the domestic affairs of other countries — невтручання у внутрішні справи інших країн
non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries — невтручання у внутрішні справи інших країн
non-ministration of succor to a person in a situation dangerous to her life — = non-ministration of succour to a person in a situation dangerous to her life, non-ministration of succour to a person in a situation dangerous to his life, non-ministration of succor to a person in a situation dangerous to his life неподання допомоги особі, яка перебуває в небезпечному для життя становищі
non-ministration of succour to a person in a situation dangerous to her life — = non-ministration of succor to a person in a situation dangerous to her life
non-ministration of succour to a person in a situation dangerous to his life — = non-ministration of succor to a person in a situation dangerous to her life
non-ministration of succor to a person in a situation dangerous to his life — = non-ministration of succor to a person in a situation dangerous to her life
non-ministration to a sick person on the part of a medical worker — неподання допомоги хворому особою медичного персоналу
non-observance of the conditions of a contract — = non-observance of the terms of a contract порушення умов контракту ( угоди)
- non-acceptancenon-observance of the terms of a contract — = non-observance of the conditions of a contract
- non-access
- non-act
- non-actionable
- non-adjudicative
- non-adjudicative fact
- non-admission
- non-admittance
- non-adult
- non-affiliation
- non-age
- non-aggression
- non-aggression pact
- non-aggressive
- non-alcoholic
- non-aligned
- non-aligned countries
- non-aligned movement
- non-aligned state
- non-aligned status
- non-alignment
- non-alignment movement
- non-amicable
- non-appealable
- non-appearance
- non-arraignment
- non-attendance
- non-authoritarian
- non-belligerence
- non-belligerency
- non-belligerent
- non-binding
- non-cabinet agency
- non-cabinet minister
- non-cadreman
- non-capital murder
- non-career appointment
- non-career criminal
- non-career post
- non-citizen
- non-claim
- non-classified
- non-classified document
- non-coercive
- non-combatant
- non-commercial
- non-commercial organization
- non-commissioned officer
- non-committal
- non-committal reply
- non-committalism
- non-Communist
- non-Communist bloc of states
- non-comp.
- non-compelable witness
- non-compellable witness
- non-competition clause
- non-compliance
- non-compliant
- non-compos
- non-compos mentis
- non-concur
- non-confidence
- non-confidence vote
- non-conforming
- non-conforming prisoner
- non-conformity
- non-constitutional
- non-constitutional authority
- non-content
- non-contentious proceedings
- non-contractual
- non-contractual case
- non-contractual liability
- non-contributory pension
- non-controversial
- non-controversial bill
- non-cooperation
- non-cooperationist
- non-corporate
- non-corporate body
- non-crime
- non-criminal
- non-criminal life
- non-criminal
- non-criminal prisoner
- non-criminal proceeding
- non-criminal proceedings
- non-cumulative
- non-custodial
- non-custodial penalty
- non-sanction
- non-custodial sentencing
- non-definitive
- non-definitive judgement
- non-definitive judgment
- non-delegable
- non-deliberate
- non-delivery
- non-democrat
- non-democratic
- non-departmental minister
- non-deputy
- non-detected delinquency
- non-deviation
- non-disclosure
- non-disclosure agreement
- non-discovery of the criminal
- non-discovery of the culprit
- non-discovery of the offender
- non-discretionary
- non-discriminating
- non-discriminating law
- non-discrimination
- non-discriminatory
- non-discriminatory law
- non-discriminatory law
- non-divulgence
- non-effective
- non-effective deterrent
- non-elected
- non-eligibility
- non-eligibility for office
- non-eligible for office
- non-enacted
- non-enacted law
- non-enforceability
- non-entry
- non-essential ignorance
- non-EU country
- non-evidence fact
- non-exclusive licence
- non-exclusive license
- non-exclusive
- non-exclusive use
- non-execution
- non-exempt
- non-existent
- non-expert opinion
- non-extradition
- non-feasance
- non-fulfilment
- non-fulfillment
- non-fulfilment of the decision
- non-gang offender
- non-governmental
- non-governmental body
- non-governmental organization
- non-governmental property
- non-governmental regulation
- non-immigrant
- non-immigrant visa
- non-immigrant
- non-independent
- non-independent country
- non-information
- non-infringing article
- non-infringing article
- non-institutional treatment
- non-intentional
- non-intentional fault
- non-intercourse
- non-interference
- non-intervention
- non-issuable
- non-issuable plea
- non-joinder
- non-judgemental
- non-judgmental
- non-judicial
- non-judicial agency
- non-judicial day
- non-judicial punishment
- non-juring
- non-jury
- non-jury case
- non-jury court
- non-legal
- non-legal employee
- non-lethal
- non-legislative
- non-legislative organization
- non-lethal weapon
- non-lethal weapons
- non-mailable
- non-mandatory
- non-marital
- non-marital sexual relations
- non-medical
- non-medical use of drugs
- non-member
- non-member state
- non-metropolitan county
- non-military
- non-military means
- non-military service
- non-ministration
- non-ministration of succor
- non-ministration of succour
- non-molestation order
- non-moral
- non-national
- non-negligent manslaughter
- non-negotiable
- non-nuclear
- non-nuclear state
- non-nuclear-weapon state
- non-observance
- non-observance of traffic laws
- non-obvious
- non-obvious subject-matter
- non-offender
- non-official
- non-official majority
- non-parliamentary
- non-participation
- non-partisan
- non-partisan ballot
- non-partisan government
- non-party
- non-party minister
- non-patent
- non-patentability
- non-patentable
- non-payment
- non-payment of taxes
- non-pecuniary
- non-performance
- non-permanent
- non-permanent member
- non-police
- non-police enforcement
- non-police enforcement agency
- non-police enforcement body
- non-presidential appointment
- non-prison
- non-prison gang
- non-professional
- non-professional consul
- non-profit
- non-profit agency
- non-profit corporation
- non-profit organization
- non-proliferation
- non-proliferation treaty
- non-property
- non-property right
- non-pros.
- non-prosequitur
- non-prospectus company
- non-punishable
- non-punitive
- non-recognition
- non-recurrent
- non-recurrent levy
- non-recurrent transaction
- non-recurring
- non-recurring duty
- non-registrability
- non-relative
- non-relative adoption
- non-representative
- non-residence
- non-resident
- non-resident alien
- non-resident citizen
- non-resident patient
- non-residential care
- non-residential premises
- non-retroactivity
- non-retroactivity of law
- non-secular
- non-secular law
- non-secure
- non-secure setting
- non-secure shelter
- non-self-executing treaty
- non-self-governing
- non-self-governing territory
- non-signatory
- non-state
- non-statutory
- non-statutory authority
- non-statutory subject-matter
- non-substantive
- non-suit
- non-support
- non-tariff
- non-tariff barriers
- non-tariff regulation
- non-tax source
- non-taxable
- non-taxed
- non-term
- non-terminal
- non-testifying co-defendant
- non-transferable
- non-treaty based
- non-treaty based mechanism
- non-unanimous
- non-unanimous jury
- non-unanimous jury system
- non-union country
- non-union employer
- non-use
- non-use of force
- non-use of punishment
- non-user
- non-violent
- non-violent protest
- non-voter
- non-voting
- non-voting member
- non- wage benefits
- non-working
- non-working day
- non-working elements
- non-working time -
19 tough
1. adjective1) (strong; not easily broken, worn out etc: Plastic is a tough material.) sterkur2) ((of food etc) difficult to chew.) seigur3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) sterkur, harður af sér4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) grófur, ágengur, ofbeldishneigður5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) erfiður, harður2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) hrotti, ribbaldi- toughen
- tough luck
- get tough with someone
- get tough with -
20 tough
huligán, kitartó, edzett, szívós, fáradságos* * *1. adjective1) (strong; not easily broken, worn out etc: Plastic is a tough material.) kemény2) ((of food etc) difficult to chew.) rágós3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) szívós, stramm, edzett4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) brutális5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) nehéz2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) huligán- toughen
- tough luck
- get tough with someone
- get tough with
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